ABSTRACT
Due to the Covid-19 epidemic the need for digital E-learning systems become mandatory. Also, most sectors that faced a shortage in E-learning systems are performing laboratory experiments remotely. For this reason, this research paper focuses on providing a complete Laboratory Learning Management System (LLMS) with generic and intelligent performance evaluation for experiments. The new LLMS offers many services from intelligently and automatically doing performance assessments and assistance for the students while performing the experiments online. The new performance assessment module provides regular assessment for experimental steps added to it the intelligent automatic assessment that detects if the students performed the experiments correctly from their mouse dynamics using an AI algorithm. Moreover, the new LLMS uses an analytic module to provide the teachers with analyzed results and charts to describe the behavior of students in various performed experiments. Regarding, the new performance assistant module provides students with complete assistance by pressing the help button to trigger the virtual tutor to explain any experimental steps. Furthermore, it intelligently to collects the mouse dynamics of the student performing the experiments and uses AI algorithms to detect if students face difficulties and provide them with suitable help automatically. Moreover, it can open a chat session with a real teaching assistant or a classmate to help the students. Furthermore, the new performance assessment and assistant services are considered generic because they used the mouse dynamic behavior of students which is suitable for any type of software used in the laboratory, without the need for a special device or extra cost. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
There are several differences in illness presentation in clinical practice. Because diseases are ever-evolving, a single negative test cannot totally exclude the presence of a disease. The most frequent etiologies of erythema multiforme (EM), a prevalent mucocutaneous condition, are herpes infection and the use of numerous medicines. As a novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 is not often the primary differential for EM eruptions. This case represents a young female patient who presented solely with EM symptoms involving the distal parts of her upper and lower extremities after a positive swab for SARS-CoV-2. The condition improved with symptomatic treatment, and there were no major complications.
ABSTRACT
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of educational technology, e-learning has become essential in the educational process. However, the adoption of e-learning in sectors such as engineering, science, and technology faces a particular challenge as it needs a special Laboratory Learning Management System (LLMS) capable of supporting online lab activities through virtual and controlled remote labs. One of the most challenging tasks in designing such LLMS is how to assess a student's performance while an experiment is being conducted and how stuttering students can be automatically detected while experimenting and providing the appropriate assistance. For this, a generic technique based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is proposed in this paper for assessing student performance while conducting online labs and implemented as a performance evaluation module in the LLMS. The performance evaluation module is designed to automatically detect the student performance during the experiment run time and triggers the LLMS virtual assistant service to provide struggling students with the appropriate help when they need it. Also, the proposed performance assessment technique is used during the lab exam sessions to support the automatic grading process conducted by the LLMS Auto-Grading Module. The proposed performance evaluation technique has been developed based on analyzing the student's mouse dynamics to work generally with any type of simulation or control software used by virtual or remote controlled laboratories;without the need for special interfacing. The study has been applied to a novel dataset built by the course instructors and students simulating a circuit on TinkerCad. Using mouse dynamics fetching, the system extracts features and evaluates them to determine if the student has built the experiment steps in the right way or not. A comparison study has been developed between different Machine Learning (ML) models and a number of performance metrics are calculated. The study confirmed that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are the best models to be used for automatically evaluating student performance while conducting the online labs with a precision reaching up to 91%.
ABSTRACT
The Coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) was first observed to induce fever, dry cough, pneumonia, and dyspnea in the lower respiratory tract. Atypical manifestations, including digestive problems and cardiac symptoms, were also observed. The rate of mortality in the older population is greater than in the younger group, as well as in individuals suffering from comorbidities. Oxygen supplementation through a facemask, non-invasive ventilation, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO are some of the available supportive techniques. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is thought to boost tissue oxygenation by increasing plasma soluble oxygen levels. HBOT also reduces inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients, minimizing the negative impacts of the cytokine storm. Because the existing data on the efficacy of HBOT in COVID-19 patients is limited, the purpose of this article is to review the possible mechanisms of HBO, as well as data available on potential advantages, side effects and uses in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Pneumonia , COVID-19/therapy , Humans , Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods , Oxygen , Respiration, Artificial , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to major healthcare and everyday life challenges. Every day, new disease associations and systemic manifestations are being explored and reported. Peripheral facial nerve paralysis or Bell's palsy has been reported to be caused mainly by viral infections. This case represents a COVID-19-positive patient with Bell's palsy making SARS-CoV-2 as the most likely culprit of his condition.
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Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium protozoa, which can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease that can affect different body systems;however, the respiratory system is mainly reported. This case describes a 20-year-old man who presented with fever and joint pain and was found to have P. falciparum malaria in addition to a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. The patient improved after he was treated with antimalarial medications in addition to supportive therapy. A co-infection of malaria and COVID-19 can occur. Thus, more studies need to be conducted on this co-infection. Besides, other diagnoses should be highly suspected in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in vulnerable patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress increased due to COVID 19 crises. Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric disorders. The goal of the current study was to compare the effects of aerobic training to cognitive behavioral therapy on university students suffering from mild to moderate anxiety and depression as a result of the Covid 19 pandemic. Methods: an online invitation to participate in the study was sent through the university system. Fifty four undergraduate students with mild to moderate anxiety and depression voluntarily participated in this study (mean age: 20.77 +/- 1.16) and assigned into two groups;aerobic training aerobic training and cognitive behavioral therapy. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale were used in an online assessment, performed before and after the treatment. For 8 weeks, an online treatment guide and follow-up were provided, with 5 days per week of AT and one session per week of CBT. Results: A significant improvement of DASS scores after treatment in both groups (p <= 0.001). IPAQ scores showed a significant improvement in GA and GB with non-significance in vigorous activities;category. GA showed a significant reduction of anxiety more than GB with a non-significant difference in stress and depression (p >= 0.05). Conclusions: In students with mild to moderate anxiety and depression, both AT and CBT are effective in improving manifestations of anxiety, depression, and stress following the COVID-19 pandemic. Aerobic exercise is more effective in treatment of anxiety.
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Numerical data on fifty pioneer adopting countries of Covid-19 novel pandemic has been put into study each on their first month of the virus’s spread. Ten groups were created with each including the countries of around the same average population density. This was meant to study the difference between each group’s growth of infected cases in addition to their mortality percentage rates (MPR). Modeling was done for each group with the use of MATLAB;for the growth rate, the exponential growth equation was considered, and for the mortality rate percentage, the equation was modeled over the span of the first chosen thirty days of the virus’s spread. An analysis was done with the consideration of Oxford’s Stringency Index Model (SIM) of government responses for each day in order to understand the effect of such taken regulations in the virus’s spread and fatality for different groups of population densities. Eventually, it was found that population density is not a significant factor in the virus’s infectiousness and mortality percentage rates;Instead, taking governmental responses of appropriate stringencies is found to be the key solution for control and protection. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Objectives: This study is an attempt to detect the psychological impact of (COVID-19) among Taif University students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Taif University students using Google Forms questionnaire in the period from May to December 2020. The questionnaire was designed to assess psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of the lockdown and curfew. 619 participants age ranged from 18-30 years were eligible to participate in this study. This study was carried out using well-structured electronic questionnaire contain socio-demographic characteristics and psychological health parameters (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)). Results: This study revealed a significant correlation between age and depression;age 18-21 years old showed higher frequency of mild to moderate and severe to very severe depression than age 22-30 years old (p>0.003). Similarly, there was a significant correlation between age and stress among participants;age 18-21 years old, showed higher frequency of severe to very severe stress and anxiety compared to aged 22-30 years (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between gender, nationality and marital status. Regarding the type of education, there was a significant correlation between medical students and depression (p > 0.06). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that there was a significant association between age, depression and stress and non- significant relation between gender, nationality and marital status, while there was a significant correlation between medical students and depression.
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This study investigated the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological status among Saudi adults, and whether physical activity modifies this association. The participants were 518 adults aged >=18 years (67.4% men). Using an online survey, data regarding demographic information, the impact of COVID-19 (assessed by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5), HRQoL (Short Form-8), psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), and physical activity behavior (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form) were collected. The results demonstrate that adults reporting moderate or high levels of impact of COVID-19 had a lower HRQoL and higher psychological distress than adults reporting a low impact. HRQoL was higher for adults reporting any level impact (low, moderate, or high) of COVID-19 when they participated in recommended levels of physical activity (>=600 metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week of total physical activity). Psychological distress was lower for adults reporting a high level of impact when they participated in recommended physical activity. Moderate or high levels of impact of COVID-19 were associated with a significantly lower HRQoL and higher psychological distress than the low impact of COVID-19. However, these associations were moderated by the recommended levels of physical activity.
ABSTRACT
By the end of 2019 and the initial of 2020, similar symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic are presented in China. Extraordinarily, COVID-19 has extensively spread worldwide within the last three months affecting humans' life and causing permanently a fearing sensation among all populations. All agencies worldwide recommended their populations to stay home to prevent and terminate this fatal infectious disease. During exposure to any pandemic infectious disease over history, many modalities of the treatment were reported to control and prevent its prevalence such as improving the public health, rehydration, and vaccinations that became the ideal strategies to exterminate these infectious diseases. No treatment modalities were reported to prevent or control the COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we have to highlight the role of physical therapy and rehabilitation against the outbreak of viral infection. This manuscript suggests that physical therapy and rehabilitation may eliminate the common harmful respiratory, circulatory, and physical complications that follow the exposure to viral infections. Also, it explains that the rehabilitation program may present an effective approach to retrieve physical and psychological functions besides medical treatment. In conclusion, serious recommendations have to be considered for conducting exercise training and telerehabilitation to prevent and control the outbreak of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: COVID-19 is a newly emerging pandemic viral disease. Multiple management guidelines were introduced;nevertheless, their efficacy is still under debate. Thus, the presences of prognostic factors are essential for predicting which patients will need more invasive treatments. Objective: The study aims to investigate the prognostic accuracy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 infection. Methods: This is a prospective study done in Al-Ain Hospital in the United Arab Emirates. All the Covid-19 patients presenting to the hospital were enrolled over 1 month from 20/3 to 20/4/2020. We gathered information about their age, sex, mode of transmission, and calculated their Neutrophils/Lymphocytes ratio (NLR) from the first complete blood picture on admission. We divided the patients into two groups: those whose age was 50 years and above and the those aged less than 50 years. We chose the best NLR cut-off value based on the Youden index and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the target endpoint was presence or absence of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results: The study revealed that 48 patients (14%) needed ICU admission, while 296 patients (86%) were admitted to a ward or quarantine facilities. When the patient's age was > 50, and NLR was >= 3.10, it showed a sensitivity of 95.24% and a specificity of 92.86% for predicting the need for ICU admission. When NLR was >= 4.21, and the patient's age was < 50, the sensitivity and specificity were 70.3% and 93.7%, respectively. Conclusions: NLR proved to be highly specific and sensitive in helping to identify patients who need more invasive care among people over 50 years of age with COVID-19.